In this section, 我们将讨论第九条联邦法规规定的不同类型的暴力和骚扰.
警告:以下页面包含可能触发或难以阅读的定义. Feel free to skip this section altogether or come back at a later time.
Survivor/Victim
Many advocates tend to use the term “victim” when referring to someone who has recently been affected by sexual violence; when discussing a particular crime; or when referring to aspects of the criminal justice system. “幸存者”通常用来指那些在治愈过程中走得更远的人, or when discussing the short- or long-term effects of sexual violence. Some people identify as a victim, while others prefer the term survivor. 你可以选择任何你觉得合适的术语.
肯定同意
“同意”是指给予和接受参与性活动的许可. 在和某人发生性关系之前，你需要知道他们是否也想和你发生性关系. 理想情况下，同意是一个明确的“是”大声说出来.
必须不断地给予同意. 同意一种类型的活动并不意味着你的伴侣也同意其他活动. 每个人都有权利在任何时候以任何理由停止性行为. 同意是指确保参与活动的每个人都感到兴奋, engaged, 并且能够说“是”或“不是”,每一次.
No one should feel pressured, manipulated, or threatened to say “yes.因为睡觉而在精神上或身体上丧失行为能力或受损的人, unconscious, or under the influence of drugs or alcohol is not able to give consent. 此外，有些人可能因为他们的年龄或精神能力而无法表示同意. 欲了解更多关于同意和明尼苏达州法律的信息，请访问强奸和乱伦全国网络(RAINN): http://www.rainn.org/laws-your-state-minnesota
Sexual Violence
Without consent, 任何性行为(包括口交), genital touching, and vaginal or anal penetration) is sexual violence.
性暴力包括性侵犯, rape, or any other sexual behavior that happens because one person forces, coerces, 操纵或恐吓他人.
性暴力可以由陌生人实施, acquaintances, family members, spouses, or dating partners. 它包括被别人触摸或被强迫或强迫触摸别人. 性暴力也可能发生在某人因为太年轻或无行为能力而无法表示同意的情况下.
性暴力包括但不限于:
- 性权力滥用:当有人喜欢教练时, teacher, or religious leader uses their position of authority to force, coerce, 或者操纵某人进行性行为,
- 亲密伴侣性暴力:当配偶或伴侣使用性暴力时，
- 儿童性虐待;
- 乱伦或对家庭成员的性虐待;
- 生殖胁迫和安全性行为破坏:一方控制或干预与生殖和性健康有关的决策. 这包括破坏生育控制, 强迫某人进行无保护措施的性行为, or removing a condom without consent (sometimes called “stealthing”),
- 性交易和商业性剥削:当有人要求另一个人用性交易来赚钱, food, a place to stay, or drugs or forces them to participate in pornography or stripping, and
- 未经同意的露骨图片:指某人未经允许拍摄或发布露骨照片或视频, 有时被称为“复仇色情片”.”
For more information about sexual violence visit RAINN: rainn.org/types-sexual-violence
关系或家庭暴力
关系暴力，也被称为家庭暴力或约会暴力，是现任或前任亲密伴侣为获得和维持对另一方的权力和控制而使用的一种行为模式. 它可能发生在人们结婚、同居、约会或关系结束后.
Relationship violence can happen to people that have gone on a single date, 刚开始约会, 或者已经在一起很多年了.
Relationship violence may include the use of physical violence, sexual violence, 威胁和恐吓, isolation, emotional abuse, 精神和文化虐待, 经济剥夺, 财政滥用. 无论遭受何种类型的虐待，都可以寻求帮助.
欲了解更多关于关系暴力的信息，请访问全国家庭暴力热线: thehotline.org/is-this-abuse/abuse-defined
Stalking
Stalking is behavior that is directed at someone that is unwanted, unwelcome, or unreciprocated that causes them fear or substantial emotional distress.
跟踪包括跟踪某人等行为, tracking someone, 发送不想要的礼物或信息, 打不需要的电话, damaging property, 监控电话和科技产品的使用, or posting information or spreading rumors about someone.
有关跟踪的更多信息，请访问RAINN: rainn.org/articles/stalking
Sexual Harassment
性骚扰是一种不受欢迎的性行为，它干扰了某人在学校或工作中感到舒适的权利. It can include comments, notes, messages, gestures, or physical contact. It makes the learning or working environment hostile and uncomfortable. 这包括反复邀请某人约会，尤其是在对方已经说“不”的情况下.”
一种特定类型的骚扰被称为“交换条件”，即有权威的人用性接触来交换或试图用性接触来换取另一个人想要的东西，比如好成绩或优惠待遇.
有关跟踪的更多信息，请访问RAINN: http://rainn.org/articles/sexual-harassment
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